Genomic Investigation to Identify Sources of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Among Healthcare Personnel in an Acute Care Hospital.

Background: Identifying the source of healthcare personnel (HCP) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is important to guide occupational safety efforts. We used a combined whole genome sequencing (WGS) and epidemiologic approach to investigate the source of HCP COVID-19 at a tertiary-care center early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Remnant nasopharyngeal swab samples from HCP and patients with polymerase chain reaction-proven COVID-19 from a period with complete sample retention (14 March 2020 to 10 April 2020) at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, Illinois, underwent viral RNA extraction and WGS. Genomes with >90% coverage underwent cluster detection using a 2 single-nucleotide variant genetic distance cutoff. Genomic clusters were evaluated for epidemiologic linkages, with strong linkages defined by evidence of time/location overlap. Results: We analyzed 1031 sequences, identifying 49 clusters that included ≥1 HCP (265 patients, 115 HCP). Most HCP infections were not healthcare associated (88/115 [76.5%]). We did not identify any strong epidemiologic linkages for patient-to-HCP transmission. Thirteen HCP cases (11.3%) were attributed to a potential patient source (weak evidence involving nonclinical staff that lacked location data to prove or disprove contact with patients in same cluster). Fourteen HCP cases (12.2%) were attributed to HCP source (11 with strong evidence). Conclusions: Using genomic and epidemiologic data, we found that most HCP severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections were not healthcare associated. We did not find strong evidence of patient-to-HCP transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

Changes in preterm birth during the COVID-19 pandemic by duration of exposure and race and ethnicity.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine whether coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exposure duration was associated with PTB and if the pandemic modified racial disparities. STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed Philadelphia births and replicated in New Haven. Compared to matched months in two prior years, we analyzed overall PTB, specific PTB phenotypes, and stillbirth. RESULTS: Overall, PTB was similar between periods with the following exceptions. Compared to pre-pandemic, early pregnancy (<14 weeks') pandemic exposure was associated with lower risk of PTB < 28 weeks' (aRR 0.60 [0.30-1.10]) and later exposure with higher risk (aRR 1.77 [0.78-3.97]) (interaction p = 0.04). PTB < 32 weeks' among White patients decreased during the pandemic, resulting in non-significant widening of the Black-White disparity from aRR 2.51 (95%CI: 1.53-4.16) to aRR 4.07 (95%CI: 1.56-12.01) (interaction P = 0.41). No findings replicated in New Haven. CONCLUSION: We detected no overall pandemic effects on PTB, but potential indirect benefits for some patients which could widen disparities remains possible.

Social Media Usage of Higher Secondary Teachers in Kerala

As part of the development of technology, the usage of social media is increasing and e-learning is a part of every individual either in formal or in distance education. In the current study, the usage of social media and so the extent of the e-learning nature of teachers at Higher Secondary School level in Kerala state was established. A survey was conducted among 124 higher secondary school teachers using Google form platform. For the survey, an inventory for Social Media Usage developed and standardised by the investigators was utilised. The investigators found that both males and female teachers, were using social media effectively. The study also found that younger teachers use social media more frequently than older teachers.

Improving Treatment for Patellar Instability to Reduce Recurrence and Cartilage Degradation

A lateral patellar dislocation is a traumatic event associated with cartilage degradation and a high risk of progression to patellofemoral osteoarthritis. The study focuses on identification of patients likely to progress to recurrent dislocations, characterization of cartilage degradation due to delaying surgical intervention until after recurrent dislocations, and evaluation of reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) as a surgical tool to restore patellar stability.

FluNet: An AI-Enabled Influenza-Like Warning System.

Influenza is an acute viral respiratory disease that is currently causing severe financial and resource strains worldwide. With the COVID-19 pandemic exceeding 153 million cases worldwide, there is a need for a low-cost and contactless surveillance system to detect symptomatic individuals. The objective of this study was to develop FluNet, a novel, proof-of-concept, low-cost and contactless device for the detection of high-risk individuals. The system conducts face detection in the LWIR with a precision rating of 0.98, a recall of 0.91, an F-score of 0.96, and a mean intersection over union of 0.74 while sequentially taking the temperature trend of faces with a thermal accuracy of ± 1 K. In parallel, determining if someone is coughing by using a custom lightweight deep convolutional neural network with a precision rating of 0.95, a recall of 0.92, an F-score of 0.94 and an AUC of 0.98. We concluded this study by testing the accuracy of the direction of arrival estimation for the cough detection revealing an error of ± 4.78°. If a subject is symptomatic, a photo is taken with a specified region of interest using a visible light camera. Two datasets have been constructed, one for face detection in the LWIR consisting of 250 images of 20 participants' faces at various rotations and coverings, including face masks. The other for the real-time detection of coughs comprised of 40,482 cough / not cough sounds. These findings could be helpful for future low-cost edge computing applications for influenza-like monitoring.

Teaching and learning in the context of remote education and distance learning: Paths and possibilities

All accumulated knowledge about the teaching and learning process, considering the best teaching practices and the concepts of adult learning, meaningful learning and student-centered learning must be continually exercised and revisited, regardless of the format: face-to-face, remote teaching (ER) or distance learning (EaD). The need to expand the use of emergency ER, determined by the pandemic crisis of 2020, has brought new challenges for teachers and students worldwide. Among the challenges is the reinterpretation of the concepts present in the teaching and learning process under the lens of the digital world. This review aims to present the best practices from the perspective of the new context of digital life in teaching for the health professions, including here the opportunities offered by the pandemic.

Construction and standardisation of nomophobic rating scale for higher secondary school students

Usage of mobile phones has increased among the adolescents in the context of the lock down due to Covid-19. The usage of mobile phones for entertainment as well as educational purposes makes them more addicted to gadgets. In this scenario, sufficient studies on Nomophobia, that is fear towards the situation when there is no phone, has increased. Investigators developed and standardised a Nomophobia rating scale to identify the addiction rate of Higher Secondary school students to mobile phones. NPRS is a five point Likert type scale consisting of 24 items. Reliability of the scale has been established using split-half method and Cronbach alpha test. Content validity by experts and Spear-son correlation method were established for the rating scale. © 2021, Universitatea de Vest Vasile Goldis din Arad. All rights reserved.

Social media usage of higher secondary school students - A pilot study

In the context of the lock down due to Covid-19, usage of mobile phones has increased among the adolescents. Usage of mobile phones for educational purposes as well as for entertainment makes them more addicted to mobile phones and electronic gadgets. In this scenario, Nomophobia, that is fear towards the situation when there is no phone, has increased among the adolescent. In this study, investigators developed and standardized a Nomophobia rating scale (NPRS) to identify the addiction rate of Higher Secondary school students to mobile phones. NPRS applied to 82 Higher Secondary School students and the study shows that most of the students are prevalent to nomophobia. But the nomophobic rate do not depend on their locality, gender, course stream, but depend on management of school. © 2021 Karadeniz Technical University. All rights reserved.

A multicenter study of acute testicular torsion in the time of COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency, and time to detorsion is imperative for testicular salvage. During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients may delay emergency care due to stay-at-home orders and concern of COVID-19 exposure. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether emergency presentation for testicular torsion was delayed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the rate of orchiectomy increased compared to a retrospective period. STUDY DESIGN: Patients were prospectively enrolled in a multicenter study from seven institutions in the United States and Canada. Inclusion criteria were patients two months to 18 years of age with acute testicular torsion from March through July 2020. The retrospective group included patients from January 2019 through February 2020. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis tests, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 221 patients were included: 84 patients in the COVID-19 cohort and 137 in the retrospective cohort. Median times from symptom onset to emergency department presentation during COVID-19 compared to the retrospective period were 17.9 h (IQR 5.5-48.0) and 7.5 h (IQR 4.0-28.0) respectively (p = 0.04). In the COVID-19 cohort, 42% of patients underwent orchiectomy compared to 29% of pre-pandemic controls (p = 0.06). During COVID-19, 46% of patients endorsed delay in presentation compared to 33% in the retrospective group (p = 0.04). DISCUSSION: We found a significantly longer time from testicular torsion symptom onset to presentation during the pandemic and a higher proportion of patients reported delaying care. Strengths of the study include the number of included patients and the multicenter prospective design during the pandemic. Limitations include a retrospective pre-pandemic comparison group. CONCLUSIONS: In a large multicenter study we found a significantly longer time from testicular torsion symptom onset to presentation during the pandemic and a significantly higher proportion of patients reported delaying care. Based on the findings of this study, more patient education is needed on the management of testicular torsion during a pandemic.

Trajectory of Cardiac Catheterization for Acute Coronary Syndrome and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BACKGROUND: We sought to investigate the trajectory of cardiac catheterizations for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) during the pre-isolation (PI), strict-isolation (SI), and relaxed-isolation (RI) periods of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at three hospitals in Los Angeles, CA, USA. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on adult patients undergoing urgent or emergent cardiac catheterization for suspected ACS or OHCA between January 1, 2020 and June 2, 2020 at three hospitals in Los Angeles, CA, USA. We designated January 1, 2020 to March 17, 2020 as the PI COVID-19 period, March 18, 2020 to May 5, 2020 as the SI COVID-19 period, and May 6, 2020 to June 2, 2020 as the RI COVID-19 period. RESULTS: From PI to SI, there was a significant reduction in mean weekly cases of catheterizations for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction/unstable angina (NSTEMI/UA) (8.29 vs. 12.5, P = 0.019), with all other clinical categories trending downwards. From SI to RI, mean weekly cases of catheterizations for total ACS increased by 17%, NSTEMI/UA increased by 27%, and OHCA increased by 32%, demonstrating a "rebound effect". CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac catheterizations for ACS and NSTEMI/UA exhibited a "rebound effect" once social isolation was relaxed.